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Latest Top (50) News
Removing Polyps Cuts Colorectal Cancer Deaths (CME/CE) (MedPage Today) -- In a long-term study, deaths from colorectal cancer were only half as common among people who had precancerous intestinal polyps removed during colonoscopy as in the general population. (Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 19:05:34 +0100 Invited Commentary The article by Preminger and colleagues raises an interesting and important issue—who should be discussing reconstructive options with breast cancer patients? After all, the conclusion is foregone, a referral to a plastic/reconstructive surgeon is a prerequisite for receiving postmastectomy reconstruction. (Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 18:45:13 +0100 Is It Time to Lower the Recommended Screening Age for Colorectal Cancer? Davis and colleagues analyzed the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results registry from 1987 to 2006. They reported a notable increase of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients aged 40 to 44 years, but overall incidence and incidence of CRC in patients older than 50 years declined. The authors compared the incidence of CRC and cervical cancer, which is screened for successfully at an earlier age, and suggested lowering the recommended screening age for CRC to 40 years. (Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 18:45:13 +0100 Reply Schellerer and colleagues recently published their single-center experience of 1,962 patients younger than 50 years with colorectal cancer. They found that only a small percentage of patients (14%) had a history of inflammatory bowel disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, or other hereditary syndromes. Their findings have led this group to agree that consideration should be given to colorectal screening at the age of 40 years. However, they suggest that rigid rectoscopy can be performed easier, with less expense, and with less patient preparation as compared with colonoscopy. In their study, the majority of these patients (67%) between the ages of 41 and 50 years presented with rectal cancer, which would, in theory, be detected with this method. (Source: Journal of the American College o...
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 18:45:13 +0100 Is Cryotherapy the Optimal Technology for Ablation of Lung Tumors? Primary lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Lobectomy is the treatment of choice for early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer. For patients who are not suitable surgical candidates, nonsurgical treatment options include radiation therapy and image-guided thermal ablation. Pulmonary metastases are present in 25%–30% of patients who die from cancer, regardless of the type of primary cancer. For patients in whom all metastases can be surgically removed from both lungs, metastasectomy improves cancer-specific survival. For patients who may not be good surgical candidates, image-guided thermal ablation may serve as a good alternative treatment option. (Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 17:25:51 +0100 Dignity and Deferral Narratives as Strategies in Facilitated Technology-Based Support Groups for People with Advanced Cancer This paper examines the value of facilitated telephone and online support groups for palliative care. Telephone interviews were conducted with twenty people living with advanced cancer who had participated in either a telephone or online support group facilitated by the Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Two dominant participant narratives emerged: a focus on dying with dignity or an interest in deferring discussion of death and dying to focus on the present. Despite the different approaches, participants found the technology-based support groups to be accessible and safe environments in which to discuss difficult topics in privacy. Technology-based strategies provide opportunities for health professionals to provide social and emotional care to more people by moving beyond ind...
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 16:57:00 +0100 Specific Types of Ovarian Ca Linked to Endometriosis (CME/CE) (MedPage Today) -- Endometriosis confers a two- to threefold increased risk of three types of ovarian cancer, pooled data from an international consortium showed. (Source: MedPage Today OB/GYN)
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Wed, 22 Feb 2012 15:43:10 +0100 Antiangiogenic Effects and Therapeutic Targets of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract in Endothelial Cells Azadirachta indica (common name: neem) leaves have been found to possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. The present study evaluates anti-angiogenic potential of ethanol extract of neem leaves (EENL) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment of HUVECs with EENL inhibited VEGF induced angiogenic response in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro proliferation, invasion and migration of HUVECs were suppressed with EENL. Nuclear fragmentation and abnormally small mitochondria with dilated cristae were observed in EENL treated HUVECs by transmission electron microscopy. Genome-wide mRNA expression profiling after treatment with EENL revealed differentially regulated genes. Expression changes of the genes were validated by quantitative real-tim...
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 12:00:00 +0100 Mammography for Younger Women Means Better Prognosis Women in thier 40s who are diagnosed with breast cancer detected by mammography have a better prognosis than women whose cancer was found by themselves or their doctors. (Source: Diagnostic Imaging)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 12:00:00 +0100 Analysis of Single Eukaryotic Cells Using Raman Tweezers Raman Tweezers is a technique that combines optical trapping with Raman spectroscopy and has enabled the spectroscopic analysis of single cells. Applications of this technique include the identification and discrimination of different types of cells, including healthy and non-healthy cells (e.g. cancer cells). In addition, the interaction of cells with stimuli, e.g. drugs, can also be studied on a single-cell basis. Herein, a generic protocol for the analysis of fixed and living single eukaryotic cells is described, including the considerations required to build a Raman Tweezers systems. (Source: Springer protocols feed by Cell Biology)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 11:20:19 +0100 Introduction: Why Analyze Single Cells? Powerful methods in molecular biology are abundant; however, in many fields including hematology, stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and cancer biology, data from tools and assays that analyze the average signals from many cells may not yield the desired result because the cells of interest may be in the minority—their behavior masked by the majority—or because the dynamics of the populations of interest are offset in time. Accurate characterization of samples with high cellular heterogeneity may only be achieved by analyzing single cells. In this chapter, we discuss the rationale for performing analyses on individual cells in more depth, cover the fields of study in which single-cell behavior is yielding new insights into biological and clinical questions, and speculate on...
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 11:20:19 +0100 R188e-SSS/Lipiodol: Development of a Potential Treatment for HCC from Bench to Bedside Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common tumour worldwide and has a dark prognosis. For nonoperable cases, metabolic radiotherapy with Lipiodol labelled with β-emitters is a promising therapeutic option. The Comprehensive Cancer Centre Eugène Marquis and the National Graduate School of Chemistry of Rennes (ENSCR) have jointly developed a stable and efficient labelling of Lipiodol with rhenium-188 (Eβmax=2.1 MeV) for the treatment of HCC. The major “milestones” of this development, from the first syntheses to the recent first injection in man, are described. (Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 10:32:47 +0100 Better Understanding Of Cancer Drugs Following Discovery Of Cell Energy Sensor Mechanism Johns Hopkins and National Taiwan University researchers have discovered more details about how an energy sensing "thermostat" protein determines whether cells will store or use their energy reserves. In a report in Nature, the researchers showed that a chemical modification on the thermostat protein changes how it's controlled. Without the modification, cells use stored energy, and with it, they default to stockpiling resources. When cells don't properly allocate their energy supply, they can die off or become cancerous... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 10:00:00 +0100 Strengthening The Intestinal Barrier May Prevent Cancer In The Rest Of The Body A leaky gut may be the root of some cancers forming in the rest of the body, a new study published online Feb. 21 in PLoS ONE by Thomas Jefferson University researchers suggests. It appears that the hormone receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) - a previously identified tumor suppressor that exists in the intestinal tract - plays a key role in strengthening the body's intestinal barrier, which helps separate the gut world from the rest of the body, and possibly keeps cancer at bay. Without the receptor, that barrier weakens. A team led by Scott Waldman, M.D., Ph.D... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
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Wed, 22 Feb 2012 10:00:00 +0100 Drugs That Affect Serotonin Signaling May Combat Bone Loss Scientists have long known that calcium leaches from the bones both during lactation and in certain types of cancer. The driver behind these phenomena is a molecule called parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), which is secreted by the mammary glands. The signal that regulates the secretion of PTHrP, and where this other unknown molecule exerts its influence, has remained a mystery... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100 Cancer Cells Destroyed By Blocking Telomerase But Resistance, Progression Provoked Inhibiting telomerase, an enzyme that rescues malignant cells from destruction by extending the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes, kills tumor cells but also triggers resistance pathways that allow cancer to survive and spread, scientists report in Cell. "Telomerase is overexpressed in many advanced cancers, but assessing its potential as a therapeutic target requires us to understand what it does and how it does it," said senior author Ronald DePinho, M.D., president of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100 Early Cancer Detection Via New Blood Test: Research In The Early Stages Of Clinical Trials A simple blood test is being developed by researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) and Soroka University Medical Center in Beer-Sheva, Israel that may provide early detection of many types of cancer. Prof. Kapelushnik of BGU's Faculty of Health Sciences and his team developed a device that illuminates cancer cells with less than a teaspoon of blood. The test uses infrared light to detect miniscule changes in the blood of a person who has a cancerous growth somewhere, even before the disease has spread... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100 First Model Of Aggressive Ovarian Cancer Demonstrates Immune System's Active Role In Tumor Progression Aggressive ovarian tumors begin as malignant cells kept in check by the immune system until, suddenly and unpredictably, they explode into metastatic cancer. New findings from scientists at The Wistar Institute demonstrate that ovarian tumors don't necessarily break "free" of the immune system, rather dendritic cells of the immune system seem to actively support the tumor's escape. The researchers show that it might be possible to restore the immune system by targeting a patient's own dendritic cells... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100 Identification Of 'Stealth' Properties Of Cancer-Causing Genetic Mutations Scientists have discovered that cancer-causing genetic mutations have better-disguised electronic signatures than other mutations - a trait which could help them fly under the radar of the body's defence mechanisms. Results of a new study by physicists at the University of Warwick and in Taiwan hint at the possibility that one day the electronic properties of DNA could play a role in early diagnosis and detection of mutation hotspots. Researchers drew on the power of supercomputers to model every possible mutation for 162 disease-related genes, a total of 5 billion calculations... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
MedWorm Message: Please have a look at this new site driven by MedWorm: The Breast Cancer Daily
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100 Possible New Target For Cancer Therapy - Energy Network Within Cells Mitochondria, tiny structures within each cell that regulate metabolism and energy use, may be a promising new target for cancer therapy, according to a new study. Manipulation of two biochemical signals that regulate the numbers of mitochondria in cells could shrink human lung cancers transplanted into mice, a team of Chicago researchers report in the journal FASEB. Within each cell, mitochondria are constantly splitting in two, a process called fission, and merging back into one, called fusion... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100 Potential For Development Of Tailor-Made Anticancer Agents Following Mapping Of Protein Inhibitors A team of researchers at Karolinska Institutet has generated a map over the effects of small drug-like molecules on PARP1 and other similar proteins in the body. This map may explain the mechanism behind putative side effects of the so-called PARP inhibitors, and can play an important role in the development of novel tailor-made cancer drugs. The study is presented in the journal Nature Biotechnology, and will hopefully contribute to new cancer therapies with fewer detrimental side effects. PARP1 is a protein with enzymatic activity that governs repair of DNA damage in our cells... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100 Prostate Cancer Progression Driven By Telomere Failure, Telomerase Activation Genomic instability caused by an erosion of the protective caps on chromosomes, followed by activation of an enzyme that reinforces those caps, allows malignant cells to evade destruction and acquire more deadly characteristics, researchers report in an Online Now article at the journal Cell. In a strain of mice engineered to develop prostate cancer, all mice that went through this two-step process developed lethal cancer and 25 percent had the disease spread to the spine. Two groups of mice that avoided this cycle developed only precancerous lesions or localized prostate cancer... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100 Reformulated Imatinib Eliminates Morphine Tolerance In Lab Studies By reformulating the common cancer drug imatinib (Gleevec®), researchers have eliminated morphine tolerance in rats - an important step toward improving the effectiveness of chronic pain management in patients, according to researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Narcotics such as morphine are a mainstay of chronic pain treatment. Over time, tolerance to the pain-relieving effects of these drugs can develop, requiring increasing doses to control pain. In some cases, narcotics become ineffective... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100 Clinical and immunological features of very long‐term survivors with a single renal transplant SummaryThe aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and immunological features of the 56 still alive patients at our institution harboring a functional first renal transplant since more than 30 years. The mean post‐transplant graft survival in all patients was 35.4 ± 3.1 years, the mean serum creatinine concentration was 128.7 ± 7 μmol/l, and the mean urinary protein concentration was 0.6 ± 0.5 g/l. Fifty‐one percent of the patients had experienced cancer involving the skin (46.1%) and/or other tissues (28%). Hepatocarcinoma was diagnosed in 11% of the patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and/or C (48%). The 5‐year patient survival rate (considered after the 30th transplantation anniversary) was 27% in patients presenting a tumor versus 87% in those tu...
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 06:47:48 +0100 Genotoxicity of styrene–acrylonitrile trimer in brain, liver, and blood cells of weanling F344 rats AbstractStyrene–acrylonitrile Trimer (SAN Trimer), a by‐product in production of acrylonitrile styrene plastics, was identified at a Superfund site in Dover Township, NJ, where childhood cancer incidence rates were elevated for a period of several years. SAN Trimer was therefore tested by the National Toxicology Program in a 2‐year perinatal carcinogenicity study in F344/N rats and a bacterial mutagenicity assay; both studies gave negative results. To further characterize its genotoxicity, SAN Trimer was subsequently evaluated in a combined micronucleus (MN)/Comet assay in juvenile male and female F344 rats. SAN Trimer (37.5, 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage once daily for 4 days. Micronucleated reticulocyte (MN‐RET) frequencies in blood were determined by flow...
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 05:48:18 +0100 TERT's role in colorectal carcinogenesis In this study we evaluate seven TERT SNPs in 1555 incident colon cancer cases and 1956 matched controls and in 754 incident rectal cancer cases and 959 matched controls. We observed that two TERT SNPs were associated with colon cancer. TERT rs2736118 was associated with increased risk of colon cancer (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.02, 1.69) and TERT‐CLPTM1L rs2853668 was inversely associated with colon cancer (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.55, 0.92). TERT‐CLPTM1L rs2853668 also was inversely associated with rectal cancer (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43, 0.90). BMI interacted significantly with three TERT SNPs to alter risk of colon cancer. Those with the variant allele and who were obese had the greatest risk of colon cancer. TERT‐CLPTM1L rs2853668 interacted significantly with aspirin/NSAID use, where th...
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 05:45:28 +0100 Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the uterine cervix: A case series Conclusions: Metastatic cervical activity is an infrequent event. The prognosis of survival is poor in the presence of gastric or ovarian cancer and cervical metastases. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 Clinically Missed Cancer: How Effectively Can Radiologists Use Computer-Aided Detection? CONCLUSION. Use of CADe can increase radiologist sensitivity 10% with a comparable increase in recall rate. There is clinical potential for CADe because radiologists failed to recognize a correct computer prompt in 71% of cases in which cancers were missed. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)
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Wed, 22 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 False-Positive Lesions Mimicking Breast Cancer on FDG PET and PET/CT CONCLUSION. Acute and chronic inflammation, physiologic lactation, and benign breast masses, including silicone granuloma, fat necrosis, fibroadenoma, and postsurgical changes, may show increased FDG uptake on PET/CT. These conditions can often be differentiated from malignancy by correlative imaging, including mammography, sonography, or MRI. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 Mammography Screening: A New Estimate of Number Needed to Screen to Prevent One Breast Cancer Death CONCLUSION. The NNS based on CISNET modeling results is much smaller than the NNI based on RCT data. Eighty-four women need to be screened annually between 40 and 84 years to save one life from breast cancer and 5.3 need to be screened annually to gain 1 life-year from breast cancer. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 Mammography and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer CONCLUSION. On the basis of a previously published study that investigated organ doses from mammography and of cancer risk estimates using the seventh Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation report, we contend that thyroid shielding during mammography is unnecessary and may increase retakes rather than afford radiation protection of the thyroid. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)
Wed, 22 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 Mammography-detected breast cancer in 40-49 year-olds has better prognosis (Radiological Society of North America) Based on a study of nearly 2,000 breast cancer patients, researchers say that, in women between the ages of 40 and 49, breast cancers detected by mammography have a better prognosis. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)